Grade 10 - Biology - LO.6 - Cell growth

We have in LO.6 Biology G10

First: the Concepts

The Cell Cycle:

Cell growth and division.

Phases sequence (G1, S, G2, M)

Normal and abnormal rates and processes

Rate differentiation based on cell type

Cancer as case study (from SEPUP only)

Second: the References

Unit 3 Cell Biology Act.13 The Cell Cycle (Teacher: SEPUP 360-370; Student: SEPUP 229-235)

Campbell: chapter  12.1 , 12.2

Modern: chapter 8 section 2

Third: the Videos links

Fourth: Skills

Record observations and identify trends in data

Fifth: the materials as PPT., DOCX., and PDF

In the Drive from this link

Few Notes:

The ability of organisms to reproduce best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter

The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or cell division

In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism

Multicellular organisms depend on cell division for:

Development from a fertilized cell

-Growth

-Repair

Cell division is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from formation to its own division

Most cell division results in daughter cells with identical genetic information, DNA

A special type of division produces nonidentical daughter cells (gametes, or sperm and egg cells)

All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s genome

A genome can consist of a single DNA molecule (common in prokaryotic cells) or a number of DNA molecules (common in eukaryotic cells)

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into chromosomes

Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus

Somatic cells (nonreproductive cells) have two sets of chromosomes

Gametes (reproductive cells: sperm and eggs) have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division

In preparation for cell division, DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense

Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division

The centromere is the narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached

Eukaryotic cell division consists of:

-Mitosis, the division of the nucleus

-Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm

Gametes are produced by a variation of cell division called meiosis

Meiosis yields nonidentical daughter cells that have only one set of chromosomes, half as many as the parent cell

The cell cycle consists of

-Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)

-Interphase (cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division)

Interphase (about 90% of the cell cycle) can be divided into subphases:

G1 phase (“first gap”)

S phase (“synthesis”)

G2 phase (“second gap”)

The cell grows during all three phases, but chromosomes are duplicated only during the S phase 

Mitosis is conventionally divided into five phases:

-Prophase

-Prometaphase

-Metaphase

-Anaphase

-Telophase

Cytokinesis is well underway by late telophase

 Additional information from other sites

World Health Organization

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