This site is instructive and gives new STEM understudies the materials for subjects they will require in the school year.
There are on the whole scientific and literary material. There are for the most part books, references, questions, and many documents such as PPT., DOCX., and PDF., which additionally contain clarifications.
It is the complex process in which cells make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by breaking down organic compound.
Both autotrophy and het-erotrophs undergo cellular respiration to break down organic compound to release energy. Some of this energy is used to produce (ATP).
Cellular respiration can divide into 2 stages.
1)Glycolysis (anaerobic process)
2)Aerobic process
glycolysis
Bio chemical path way in which one six carbon molecules of glucose is oxidized to produce 3 carbon molecules of pyruvic acid
-It is a serious of chemical reactions catalyzed by (specific enzymes).
All of the reaction of glycolysis take place in main four steps.
1-Two phosphate groups are attached to one molecule of glucose forming a new six carbon compound that has two phosphate group.
The phosphate groups are supply by two molecules of ATP, which are converted into two molecules of ADP in this process.
2-the six carbon atoms which formed in step one is split into two or three carbon molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), it is also produced by the Calvin in photosynthesis process.
3-the two G3P molecules are oxidized and each of them receive a phosphate group, the product of this step is two molecules of a new three carbon compounds.
The oxidation of (G3P) is accompanied by the reduction of 2 molecules of nicotinamide adenine di nucleotide (NAD+) to NADH.
NAD+ is similar to NADH
4-the phosphate group which added in step (1) and (3) are removed from the three carbon compound formed in step three, this reaction produces two molecules of ADP to make a molecule of ATP, because the total of four phosphate groups were added in step one and three four molecules of ATP are produced.
Photosynthesis
-is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis nourishes almost the entire living world
-Autotrophs sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms
-Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere, producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules
-Almost all plants are photoautotrophs, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2
-Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, certain other protists, and some prokaryotes
-These organisms feed not only themselves but also most of the living world
-Heterotrophs obtain their organic material from other organisms
-Heterotrophs are the consumers of the biosphere
-Almost all heterotrophs, including humans, depend on photoautotrophs for food and O2
-Chloroplasts are structurally similar to and likely evolved from photosynthetic bacteria
-The structural organization of these cells allows for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis
-Leaves are the major locations of photosynthesis
-Their green color is from chlorophyll, the green pigment within chloroplasts
-Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll drives the synthesis of organic molecules in the chloroplast
-CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores called stomata
-Chloroplasts are found mainly in cells of the mesophyll, the interior tissue of the leaf
-A typical mesophyll cell has 30–40 chloroplasts
-The chlorophyll is in the membranes of thylakoids (connected sacs in the chloroplast); thylakoids may be stacked in columns called grana
-Chloroplasts also contain stroma, a dense fluid
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