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We have in LO.8 Physics G10
First: the Concepts
•1. Fluids
•2. Pressure
•3. Manometer
•4. Pressure gauge
•5. Units of pressure
•6. Effect of atmospheric pressure on boiling point of water
•7. Change in atmospheric pressure with altitude
•8. Pressure difference and force
•9. Archimedes Principle
•10. pascal principle
Second: the References
Holt Ch. 8
Halliday CH 14.3
Giancoli : 10.3
Third: the Videos links
Fourth: Skills
•1. Determine pressure change as function of height in columns of fluid
•2. Explain how a mercury barometer measures atmospheric pressure
•3. Determine atmospheric pressure as a function of altitude
•4. Convert between different pressure units (such as: kPa, atm, mm Hg)
•5. Explain how a straw works
•6. Explain how a manometer works
•7. Measure the gauge pressure of a trapped gas
•8. Use manometers & barometers
•9. Explain different boiling points of water at different altitudes
•10. Measure the apparent weight of an immersed object.
•11. Determine the Buoyant force on a submerged, or floating object
•12. Use Archimedes principle to explain why large ships do not sink
•13- apply pascal principle in some life applications like hydraulic brakes, hydraulic lift (press).
Fifth: the materials as PPT., DOCX., and PDF
In the Drive from this link
Few Notes:
-DEFINING A FLUID
Matter is normally classified as being in one of three states—solid, liquid, or gaseous. Up to this point, this book’s discussion of motion and the causes of motion has dealt primarily with the behavior of solid objects. This chapter concerns the mechanics of liquids and gases. One property they have in common is the ability to flow and to alter their shape in the process. Materials that exhibit these properties are called Fluids Solid objects are not considered to be fluids because they cannot flow and therefore have a definite shape.
-Liquids have a definite volume; gases do not Even though both gases and liquids are fluids, there is a difference between them: one has a definite volume, and the other does not. Liquids, like solids, have a definite volume, but unlike solids, they do not have a definite shape. Imagine filling the tank of a lawn mower with gasoline. The gasoline, a liquid, changes its shape from that of its original container to that of the tank. If there is a gallon of gasoline in the container before you pour, there will be a gallon in the tank after you pour. Gases, on the other hand, have neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. When a gas is poured from a smaller container into a larger one, the gas not only changes its shape to fit the new container but also spreads out and changes its volume within the container.
-DENSITY AND BUOYANT FORCE
Have you ever felt confined in a crowded elevator? You probably felt that way because there were too many people in the elevator for the amount of space available. In other words, the density of people was too high. In general, density is a measure of a quantity in a given space. The quantity can be anything from people or trees to mass or energy. Mass density is mass per unit volume of a substance
When the word density is used to describe a fluid, what is really being measured is the fluid’s Mass density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. It is often represented by the Greek letter r (rho).
-Archimedes’ principle describes the magnitude of a buoyant force
Imagine that you submerge a brick in a container of water, as shown in Figure 2. A spout on the side of the container at the water’s surface allows water to flow out of the container. As the brick sinks, the water level rises and water flows through the spout into a smaller container. The total volume of water that collects in the smaller container is the displaced volume of water from the large container. The displaced volume of water is equal to the volume of the portion of the brick that is underwater. The magnitude of the buoyant force acting on the brick at any given time can be calculated by using a rule known as Archimedes’ principle. This principle can be stated as follows: Any object completely or partially submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal in magnitude to the weight of
the fluid displaced by the object. Everyone has experienced Archimedes’ principle. For example, recall that it is relatively easy to lift someone if you are both standing in a swimming pool, even if lifting that same person on dry land would be difficult.
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