Grade 10 - Geology - LO.3 - Building materials

   

We have in LO.3 Geology G10

First: the Concepts

A. Limestone and cement materials derived from limestone are essential Egyptian building

resources due both to their abundance and to the lack of alternative building materials.

B. Different Earth materials and different manufactured materials have different engineering

properties, such as their behavior under stress, making them suitable for different uses in construction.

C. Some construction materials are highly refined from the original Earth material, while others

are used in the original state.

Second: the References

Search

Third: the Videos links

Fourth: Skills

A. Use different tools to measure chemical and physical properties of rocks.

B. Use different tools to measure engineering properties of earth materials, such as their

behavior under stress, hardness and the effect of acidity and alkalinity.

C. Modeling different engineering construction by using earth materials.

D. Interpreting geological maps to identify occurrences of earth materials that are suitable for

construction in Egypt.

Fifth: the materials as PPT., DOCX., and PDF

In the Drive from this link

Few Notes:

Stone → One of the oldest building material.

Rock : A large concreted mass of earthy or mineral matter or broken pieces of such a mass.

Stone : Quarried or smaller pieces of rock for a specified function such as a building block

STONE VS. ROCK

Stone is smaller than rock. To easily sum it up, rock is made out of stone and mineral matter. The stone used to make your countertops was cut from rock. Rocks are typically found in the earth's crust.

Rocks are made up of minerals. Such as:

-Feldspars

-Quartz

-Micas

-Hornblende

-Kaolinite

-Calcite (CaCO3)

-Dolomite (MgCO3)

GEOLOGICAL CLASSES OF ROCKS

-Igneous: Formed by cooling and thus solidfying from a molten state. (Granite, Basalt)

-Sedimentary : Formed by a process of cementation of small particles that result from the disintegration of rocks. (Limestone, sandstone)

-Metamorphic Rocks : Formed by gradual changes in the structures of either igneous or sedimentary rocks caused by heat, water, pressure. (Marble, Slate)

COMMONLY USED BUILDING STONES

Granite : Intrusive igneous rock

-Intrusive:crystallized slowly within the earth

-Granite is a strong, hard & non-porous rock

-It is a desirable foundation & building material.

Basalt : Extrusive igneous rock

-Extrusive:rapidly crystallized on the surface of earth

-Basalt is hard & strong but it is porous & have fractures.

Limestone : Sedimentary rock

-It is used as a concrete aggregate

-It is used in the production of cement & lime

Marble : Metamorphosed limestone

-Harder than limestone

-Used for interior work or wall or column facing

Slate : Metamorphosed clay

-Used for flooring, interior or exterior wall facing.

PRODUCTION STEPS

Quarrying: Big chunks are cut at the side, loosened at the bottom by wedging & removed by cranes

Shaping & Finishing: Taken to the factory & cut and finished to the desired shapes.

PROPERTIES OF STONES

-Durability : mainly abrasion

-Strength

Both strength & durability are affected by the texture & mineral composition, chemical charactersitics & physical characteristics.

-Porosity

-Water Absorption

-Coefficient of thermal expansion

-Fire resistance

EGYPT

Limestone and cement materials derived from limestone are essential Egyptian building resources due both to their abundance and to the lack of alternative building materials.

- Different Earth materials and different manufactured materials have different engineering properties, such as their behavior under stress, making them suitable for different uses in construction

 Some construction materials are highly refined from the original Earth material, while others are used in the original state.

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